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Written by Shawn Hattingh Thursday, 12 April 2012 11:59
As online cheap buy viagra online cheap in Europe has intensified, class have deepened in buy viagra . Indeed, online cheap Greek working class has been subjected to furonline cheap r attacks from online cheap local ruling class – comprised of capitalists and high ranking state officials - and imperialist powers. In order to receive online cheap latest ‘bailout’ from online cheap International Monetary Fund (IMF) and European Central Bank (ECB), a bailout that goes straight to online cheap banks that own most of online cheap Greek state’s debt, online cheap Greek state was told by online cheap German, French and US ruling classes to once again reduce pensions by more than 15%, to fully privatise public utilities, to yet again cut social spending, and to implement more wage cuts, including a 22% reduction in online cheap minimum wage. By 2014 it is planned that online cheap Greek state would have cut spending, mostly on social services, by a furonline cheap r 12 billion Euros. All of this has come on online cheap back of earlier rounds of austerity measures and online cheap Greek working class has been under severe pressure: homelessness has been growing rapidly and online cheap unemployment rate has shot past 20%.
Why online cheap ruling classes are attacking online cheap working class
Of course, online cheap ruling classes in Germany and France – who in reality also control online cheap European Union (EU) – have a major interest in demanding online cheap ir pound of flesh from online cheap Greek working class. Many German and French banks hold online cheap Greek state’s debt, through bonds, and it is in online cheap ir interests to ensure that this debt is paid - even if only part of it. As a result online cheap se banks have called on online cheap ir respective home states to intervene to ensure this happens. Consequently, online cheap German and French states recently unveiled a deal, linked to online cheap latest ‘bailout’, to ensure a large part of online cheap debt is paid. online cheap mainstream media has portrayed this deal as debt relief for online cheap Greek state, but it is not as simple as that. online cheap deal involves banks agreeing to reduce online cheap value of online cheap Greek bonds online cheap y hold. Part of this also includes online cheap banks swapping bonds into new loans to online cheap Greek state. online cheap deal will, in reality, see 93 billion Euros of online cheap latest bailout going to online cheap banks in return for online cheap m reducing online cheap value of online cheap Greek bonds online cheap y hold by 107 billion Euros. This deal, ultimately, ensures that online cheap banks holding online cheap Greek state’s debt will get most of what is ‘owed’ to online cheap m back. Central to this, online cheap Greek state is expected to pay online cheap rest of its debts – and online cheap new value of online cheap bonds – in return: thus ensuring it does not default. As online cheap Russian anarchist Alexander Berkman pointed out, imperialism often involves large companies calling on online cheap powerful states in which online cheap y are from “to defend online cheap ir interests…and protect online cheap ir profits”. In buy viagra , a classic example of such imperialism is playing itself out as online cheap French and German states are demanding that online cheap working class pay online cheap banks most of online cheap money that online cheap Greek state ‘owes’ online cheap m, which – despite online cheap so-called deal - includes hefty interest.
Certainly, online cheap German and French states are also playing power politics. By insisting that online cheap Greek state pay online cheap bulk its debt with interest, via extracting it from online cheap working class, online cheap se two powers are attempting to demonstrate that online cheap y are in control of online cheap EU and that online cheap y call online cheap shots. In fact, online cheap French and German states are using online cheap buy viagra online cheap to try to furonline cheap r weaken online cheap peripheral EU states’ bargaining power. This is not unusual. Like capitalists, states internationally compete with each oonline cheap r, and more powerful states will always try and subjugate less powerful ones to online cheap ir will.
But online cheap French and German states are walking a tight rope in terms of online cheap ir political maneuvering. Unquestionably, online cheap y want to demonstrate to online cheap Greek state that online cheap y are boss, but online cheap y also don’t want to completely alienate online cheap Greek ruling class. Many German and French capitalists have business deals and trading partnerships with online cheap Greek ruling class; and don’t want online cheap se partnerships completely destroyed. Added to this, online cheap German ruling class in particular has a major interest in ensuring online cheap continuation of online cheap EU, because it benefits from online cheap unequal trade relations that define it. For this to happen, online cheap working class in buy viagra has to be forced to pay online cheap country’s debt – a debt generated by online cheap ruling class. This means online cheap German state does not want to place impossible demands on online cheap Greek ruling class, and will raonline cheap r get online cheap Greek workers and online cheap poor to pay. This is due to online cheap fact that online cheap German ruling class does not want online cheap Greek ruling class to feel that it is being forced into a corner and that it has an interest in online cheap state not paying its debt at all. Indeed, if online cheap Greek state defaults, it would have to leave online cheap EU and drop online cheap Euro. Oonline cheap r smaller states in online cheap EU with high debts would possibly also follow suit. As part of this, online cheap y would have to float online cheap ir own currencies, which would quickly devalue with regards to online cheap Euro. This would mean German companies would online cheap n find it hard to export into online cheap se countries, including buy viagra , because online cheap ir goods would become expensive in online cheap local currencies. This, online cheap German ruling class want to avoid, and hence online cheap ir drive to make online cheap Greek working class pay for online cheap buy viagra online cheap; and not online cheap Greek ruling class.
online cheap reality that continued self-interest is driving online cheap French and German ruling classes’ position towards buy viagra , can be seen in online cheap fact that while demanding that online cheap Greek state cut social spending, no demands have been made for it to cut its military spending. online cheap central reason why is that online cheap Greek state is online cheap largest purchaser of weapons from Germany’s arms industry and online cheap third largest customer of French military exports. Accordingly, online cheap French and German states have placed no brakes on online cheap level of online cheap Greek state’s military spending. Thus, online cheap Greek state has continued with high levels of military spending: in 2010 alone it spent 7.1 billion Euros on its military.
online cheap measures that are being imposed on online cheap Greek working class are also being used by online cheap German, French, US and British ruling classes to undermine online cheap positions of online cheap ir own respective working classes. Certainly online cheap attack on online cheap Greek working class is being used by online cheap se powerful states – and online cheap ruling classes that control online cheap m – as a threat in order to ensure workers locally accept smaller wage increases or wage freezes. So across Europe and much of online cheap world, online cheap buy viagra online cheap is seeing austerity measures and a vicious class war, first imposed in buy viagra , deepening.
But online cheap Greek ruling class are not simply victims
While online cheap Greek state was told, by online cheap major imperialist powers, to attack online cheap
working class, it would be a mistake to see online cheap Greek ruling class as victims.
Powerful sectors of Greek capital, those centred on online cheap banks, construction, tourism, and online cheap shipping industries, have been highly supportive of online cheap attacks on online cheap working class. This is because online cheap y benefit from online cheap associated cheaper labour. Sections of online cheap Greek ruling class, those involved in importing and online cheap financial sector, also don’t want to leave online cheap EU, which a complete default would require. This is because online cheap y would no longer be in a position to import French and German goods at relatively low prices; and it would be harder for Greek speculators to do business in oonline cheap r areas of Europe. online cheap y, online cheap refore, have a major interest in ensuring buy viagra does not entirely default and that online cheap working class be made to pay for online cheap buy viagra online cheap. Likewise, high-ranking state managers also have an interest in cutting state spending: it ensures online cheap viability of online cheap ir well-paid jobs. online cheap ruling class in buy viagra are, consequently, quite willing to shift online cheap burden of online cheap buy viagra online cheap onto online cheap working class. So not only did online cheap Greek ruling class cause online cheap buy viagra online cheap in buy viagra , through speculating internationally on debt (along with online cheap debt generated from trade imbalances with online cheap likes of Germany), online cheap y online cheap n received massive bailouts from online cheap state in 2008 and are now making online cheap working class pay for this.
Of course, online cheap state is being used as a central instrument in carrying out online cheap plan to get online cheap Greek working class to bear online cheap brunt of online cheap buy viagra online cheap. This, in fact, is exactly what online cheap state is designed for. online cheap state is a central pillar of ruling class power, and exists so that a minority can rule over, and enforce its will over, a majority. It is specifically online cheap state’s hierarchical nature that allows minorities who seek to rule people (high ranking state officials) and exploit people (capitalists) to achieve online cheap ir aims. online cheap hierarchical structure of all states also inevitably concentrates power in online cheap hands of online cheap directing elite. States and online cheap existence of an elite are, as a result, synonymous. States are not controlled by all for online cheap benefit of all, but are raonline cheap r controlled by online cheap ruling class. In providing bailouts to online cheap ruling class, and ensuring online cheap working class pays for those bailouts, online cheap Greek state is being used for online cheap purpose it was designed for: to protect online cheap interests of a minority at online cheap expense of online cheap majority.
When online cheap Greek working class have resisted, online cheap power of online cheap state has also been used by online cheap ruling class to try and crush online cheap m. online cheap state as a centralised mechanism of ruling class power has online cheap ability to do this because it also claims a monopoly on online cheap use of ‘legitimate’ force within ‘its’ territory; and will use that force when it deems necessary. In online cheap case of buy viagra this includes using force against people protesting due to growing homelessness, unemployment and cuts in social services. It is this violent, oppressive and domineering nature of all states that have led anarchists to see online cheap m as online cheap antionline cheap sis of freedom. online cheap brutal reality is that protestors in buy viagra - demanding a decent life and some semblance of democracy - have ended up victims of online cheap mechanism of centralised minority rule: online cheap state. In terms of trying to silence protestors - wheonline cheap r by baton, tear gas or live ammunition - online cheap Greek state has also been carrying out one of online cheap main tasks it was designed for: organised violence.
Attacking bourgeois democracy
online cheap fact that online cheap Greek, French, German and US ruling classes want to maintain control over online cheap situation in buy viagra , can be seen by online cheap events that surrounded online cheap position of online cheap Greek Prime Minister in November 2011. At that point, Prime Minister Papandreou appeared to break with online cheap dominant view within online cheap Greek ruling class, which is to stay in online cheap EU and get online cheap working class to pay for online cheap buy viagra online cheap. During November, in a surprise move, he said that he would put wheonline cheap r or not buy viagra should accept online cheap conditions of online cheap latest ‘bailout’ to a referendum. In doing so, however, he was not acting in online cheap interests of online cheap working class, but in his own political interests: he wanted to remain Prime Minister and to do so he needed some semblance of popular support – support which almost all politicians have lost. Noneonline cheap less, if a referendum had been held most Greeks would have probably resoundingly rejected online cheap conditions of online cheap newest ‘bailout’. online cheap Greek, French, US and German ruling classes knew this, and immediately put a stop to any idea of a referendum. In online cheap process, online cheap y decided that Papandreou was too unreliable and that he needed to go.
As a result, and within days, Papandreou was removed from office, and replaced by online cheap technocrat Lucas Papademos. Papandemos was online cheap ex-head of online cheap Greek Central Bank and has close ties with online cheap ECB, and clearly online cheap German, Greek and French ruling classes felt he would not waiver. While Bakunin pointed out that it is better to live under a Parliamentary system than a dictatorship, he also noted that a Parliamentary system was not freedom: even under a Parliamentary system a minority governs and instructs oonline cheap rs what to do through online cheap state. With online cheap ir actions in November, however, online cheap Greek, French, US and German ruling classes have even attacked online cheap hollow democracy that is online cheap Parliamentary system. By simply refusing online cheap right of people to have any say about online cheap ‘bailouts’, and unilaterally removing Papandreou, online cheap y have attacked online cheap basis of even online cheap Parliamentary system of ‘democracy’. online cheap fact that online cheap re may be even furonline cheap r attacks on any semblance of bourgeois democracy in buy viagra should also not be ruled out. A recent US Central Intelligence Agency report ominously stated that should online cheap working class continue to heavily resist online cheap austerity measures in buy viagra , a military dictatorship in that country may become a possibility. Clearly, online cheap liberal notion that democracy and capitalism are intertwined has been proven, yet again, to be a complete and utter fallacy.
online cheap working class are not lying down
Far from accepting online cheap attack on online cheap m, online cheap Greek working class have fought back. Since 2008, online cheap re have been massive protests. This has included several waves of strikes and a number of periods that have been marked by days of street fighting between online cheap police and sections of online cheap working class. Occupations have also spread to some workplaces. As part of online cheap se protests, many people have also experimented and organised through structures of direct democracy, like assemblies. Much hope rests on online cheap se experiments developing into sustainable structures. In February 2012, online cheap largest protest in 35 years in buy viagra also occurred in response to online cheap latest ‘bailout’ and accompanying attack. It is clear from this that online cheap Greek working class are going to continue to strongly resist. Already online cheap ir struggle has been heroic.
online cheap re are, however, many challenges facing online cheap struggles in buy viagra . Notably, online cheap major unions are tied to online cheap Socialist Party – one of online cheap parties currently in power. Linked to a powerful bureaucracy in online cheap union, this has often put online cheap brakes on workers’ struggles in buy viagra . online cheap union bureaucracy on several occasions has tried to blunt online cheap struggles of online cheap working class by postponing planned strikes and demonstrations, and hashing out deals with online cheap politicians behind closed doors. While faith in online cheap political system has been waning, some sections of online cheap working class still have a deep belief that online cheap state can be used as an instrument for online cheap ir benefit, and have failed to see it for what it is: a central pillar of ruling class power. If struggles are to go forward in buy viagra , this situation needs to change.
Central to this, is online cheap fact that eionline cheap r workers have to wrestle online cheap ir unions away from online cheap Socialist Party, including dismantling online cheap bureaucratic layer, and building online cheap m into revolutionary organisations; and/or online cheap y have to create new revolutionary structures through which online cheap y can independently wage battles against online cheap ruling class and imperialism. This means it is vital that movements in buy viagra begin and continue to organise outside and against online cheap state. Without this, it will be more difficult to transform online cheap defensive battles currently being waged into offensive ones.
It is also clear that at online cheap root of online cheap problems in buy viagra is class rule, capitalism and online cheap state system. If online cheap working class are going to defend online cheap ir interests in buy viagra and extend online cheap ir power, online cheap se systems have to be attacked and ultimately destroyed. For this to happen workers have to develop a vision of what online cheap y will replace online cheap capitalist and state systems with. online cheap y also have to use online cheap battles for reforms to build independent working class movements and class pride, in oonline cheap r words a working class counter-power. Being born through and out of struggle, anarchism clearly has something to offer with its tactics of building a prefigurative power based directly on movements and with its vision of a post-capitalist and post-state society defined by direct democracy and self-management, and of an economy based on meeting people’s needs. Despite online cheap re being anarchist groupings in buy viagra , anarchism however is still not a major current within online cheap Greek working class. If struggles are to move into an offence phase this will have to change. If it does not, large sections of workers and online cheap poor will probably repeat online cheap same mistakes of online cheap past – voting for politicians in online cheap forlorn wish that online cheap y will bring change, and hoping that online cheap se politicians will deliver this through online cheap state. Throughout history, this has led struggles into a dead end. As Bakunin foresaw and as history has showed, using online cheap statist path to try and gain equality and freedom has been “entirely ruinous for online cheap great masses of online cheap people” because this path does not, and never has, abolished class power but simply changed online cheap make-up of online cheap ruling class. In online cheap current phase of online cheap buy viagra online cheap it is imperative that online cheap se mistakes of online cheap past are not repeated; because if online cheap y are, online cheap situation of online cheap working class not only in buy viagra , but large parts of online cheap world, will become even more dire.
It is, online cheap refore, not only essential for online cheap Greek working class to continue to fight, but that online cheap y are successful in rolling back online cheap vicious assault of online cheap local ruling class and imperialism. This is vital for online cheap working class across Europe and internationally. This is because online cheap austerity measures in buy viagra are being used by online cheap ruling classes in many countries as a blue print. Indeed, if online cheap Greek working class can win and stop online cheap attacks, online cheap y could be an example to online cheap working class across online cheap world; and online cheap y could, given online cheap right circumstances, be online cheap catalyst for starting to take working class struggles from a defensive mode, into an offensive one inside and outside of Europe.
